| Building Use |
Hotels, offices, retail stores, restaurants, airports, and residential developments |
Select the door type, opening direction, hardware, and glass thickness according to traffic intensity and security needs |
Project specification, local building regulations, and manufacturer system test reports |
Define daily opening cycles, user profile, cleaning exposure, and maintenance access before finalizing the design |
| Glass Safety |
Doors located in circulation areas, entrances, partitions, and locations subject to human impact |
Use fully tempered safety glass or laminated safety glass, with polished edges and protected cut-outs |
EN 12150 for thermally toughened soda-lime silicate safety glass; EN 14449 for laminated glass; ANSI Z97.1 or CPSC 16 CFR 1201 where applicable |
Confirm the required impact classification, fragment behavior, heat-soak testing, and permanent safety markings for the destination market |
| Glass Thickness and Size |
Single or double doors with different leaf widths, heights, and hardware loads |
Common monolithic door glass thicknesses include approximately 10 mm or 12 mm; final thickness must be structurally verified |
Structural calculations based on wind, impact, dead load, hardware loads, and support conditions |
Do not select thickness from appearance alone; verify maximum panel dimensions, hole locations, edge clearances, and allowable deflection |
| Wind and External Pressure |
External entrances, high-rise buildings, coastal sites, exposed corridors, and high-wind regions |
Use a tested door assembly with suitable hinges, pivots, closers, seals, and laminated or tempered glazing as required |
ASCE 7, EN 1991-1-4, local wind codes, and project-specific façade or door-system testing |
Calculate design wind pressure from location, building height, exposure category, importance level, and opening geometry |
| Impact Resistance |
Schools, hospitals, sports facilities, transport hubs, and busy public entrances |
Specify safety glazing and a complete tested assembly; consider laminated glass where post-breakage retention is needed |
EN 12600 pendulum impact test; ANSI Z97.1; CPSC 16 CFR 1201; or the applicable national impact standard |
The glass, fittings, supports, and surrounding frame should be assessed as a complete system rather than as separate components |
| Thermal Performance |
Air-conditioned buildings, cold climates, hot climates, and projects targeting energy performance ratings |
Use low-emissivity or insulated glazing only when compatible with the door system, edge seals, hardware, and required clearances |
ISO 10077-1, EN 673, EN 410, or NFRC calculation and rating procedures where required |
Evaluate whole-door U-value, solar factor, visible transmittance, air leakage, and thermal bridging—not glass center value alone |
| Acoustic Control |
Hotels, meeting rooms, offices, healthcare facilities, and residential interiors requiring privacy |
Use laminated acoustic glass, perimeter seals, and a properly sealed frame where higher sound reduction is required |
ISO 10140 laboratory sound insulation testing and ISO 717-1 rating; ASTM E90 and ASTM E413 where applicable |
Request tested Rw or STC values for the complete door assembly; installation gaps can significantly reduce field performance |
| Fire and Smoke Requirements |
Stairways, protected corridors, escape routes, compartment boundaries, and high-occupancy buildings |
Use a certified fire-rated door assembly only where the project authority requires it; ordinary monolithic glass doors are not automatically fire-rated |
EN 1634-1, EN 13501-2, UL 10C, NFPA 252, or the locally adopted fire-resistance classification |
Verify the complete tested assembly, including glass, frame, hardware, seals, closer, vision area, and maximum permitted dimensions |
| Accessibility and Usability |
Public buildings and facilities used by people with limited mobility, visual impairments, or reduced strength |
Provide suitable clear opening widths, low operating forces, visual contrast, safe threshold details, and compliant hardware |
ADA Standards, ISO 21542, EN 17210, and applicable national accessibility codes |
Check clear width with the door open, opening force, closing speed, threshold height, maneuvering space, and visibility markings |
| Air, Water, and Weather Resistance |
Exterior entrances exposed to rain, dust, pressure differences, or uncontrolled air infiltration |
Use compatible perimeter seals, drainage details, thresholds, and tested door framing systems |
EN 1026 and EN 12207 for air permeability; EN 1027 and EN 12208 for watertightness; ASTM E283 and ASTM E331 where applicable |
Performance depends strongly on installation tolerances, threshold design, seal continuity, and the condition of adjacent construction |
| Hardware and Operating Cycle |
High-frequency entrances, retail facilities, transport buildings, and doors subject to repeated manual or powered operation |
Match hinges, pivots, handles, locks, closers, floor springs, and automatic operators to the calculated leaf weight and cycle demand |
EN 1935 for hinges, EN 1154 for controlled door-closing devices, EN 1158 for coordination devices, and EN 16005 for powered pedestrian doors |
Confirm cycle rating, corrosion resistance, adjustment range, replacement availability, and compatibility with the selected glass and cut-outs |
| Corrosion and Climate Exposure |
Marine environments, tropical climates, industrial areas, high humidity, or locations with de-icing salts |
Select hardware and finishes with suitable corrosion resistance; separate incompatible metals and provide drainage where necessary |
ISO 9227 salt-spray testing and ISO 12944 environmental exposure classification as relevant to the project |
Specify exposure category, cleaning method, coating durability, fastener material, and planned maintenance interval |
| Visual Safety and Markings |
Frameless or highly transparent doors in corridors, lobbies, offices, and retail spaces |
Add conspicuous permanent markings, safety bands, handles, or contrasting manifestations at visible eye levels |
Applicable accessibility and safety-glazing provisions in the project jurisdiction |
Use durable markings that remain visible after cleaning and are positioned to reduce the risk of collision |
| Documentation and Quality Control |
Multi-country projects requiring repeatable procurement, inspection, and approval procedures |
Prepare a coordinated door schedule, approved shop drawings, hardware schedule, calculations, samples, and installation method statement |
Project quality plan, inspection and test plan, applicable ISO/EN/ASTM standards, and local authority requirements |
Maintain traceability for glass type, thickness, heat treatment, interlayer, hardware, test evidence, delivery inspection, and site acceptance |